Philosophy: What Is Justice

To answer this question I must first define what justice is. Justice is â€Å"the quality of being just, impartial or fair† in your dealings with others according to Merriam Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary. Keeping that definition in mind, I now must turn to the Voices of Wisdom in order to find an example of a situation in which all parties feel that they are being treated justly. After examining examples such as: Euthanasia, discrimination based on sexual orientation, and equal opportunity offered within the book, it becomes clear to me that there is in fact no possible way for there to be justice for all because everyone’s judgement is in some way or another clouded by their own self interests. Euthanasia, people can decide exactly how they want to live but should we as a society allow them the right to decide exactly how they want to die? On the one hand you have the question â€Å"is it just to kill someone or allow them to die when help is available? † The obvious answer is no of course not. This is a prime example of why there can be no justice for all, because on the other hand you have the question â€Å"is it fair to force someone to live through unbearable pain in anticipation of an agonizing death? † The obvious answer to that question is also no. This is where our self-interests come into play. It is in the patient’s own self interests to die because it will ease her pain, but is not in mine to alleviate her of her life â€Å"because death is final and irreversible†, and because â€Å"euthanasia contains within it the possibility that [I] will work against [my] own interest if [I] practice it or allow it to be practiced on [others]. (J. Gay-Williams, pp. 185). This is why our own self-interests unavoidably will not allow us to have a just society. A society is only as equitable as the treatment accorded its most vulnerable members. Therefore, discrimination against anyone based on his or her sexual orientation is a clear and incurable symptom of an unjust society. For example, should someone’s sexual orientation be grounds for restricting their rights? (Daniel C. Palm) The impartial answer would of course be no, everyone should be treated the same. But we still hear the chant â€Å"No gays or lesbians in the military†. This is because it is in the self interests of the heterosexual people in the military have homosexuals in the military. The injustice of this idea becomes crystal clear when we examine the opposite statement of â€Å"No heterosexuals in the military† an idea that is equally ludicrous. (Kessler, pp. 74) As a result of the way we instinctively treat those that are different because they are seen as a threat, our society is will remain perpetually unjust. (Richard E. Mohr) Because of widespread discrimination based not only on race, but also on sex, religion and sexual preference it is impossible for society to offer each and every individual a perfectly equal chance at opportunities such as hiring, promotion, housing, and educational practices that should be within their reach; as a consequence, it is impossible fo r society to be just for all. According to the formal principle of justice, it is required â€Å"that benefits and burdens be distributed fairly according to relevant differences and similarities. † (Kessler, pp. 175) Using this principle it would seem that affirmative action programs of preferential treatment are in truth unjust to white males in that such programs require that â€Å"all things being equal† preferential treatment should be given to minorities and females which violates the formal principle of justice by not treating equal people equally. On the other hand, â€Å"such preferential treatment programs are often justified by appeal to the principle of compensatory justice, which states that whenever an injustice has happened a just compensation must be made to those who have been injured. † (Kessler, pp. 194) According to that principle affirmative action should be considered just in relationship to minorities. As a result, because equal opportunity legislation is not in accordance with the best self-interests of most white males but it is in accordance with those of most minorities, this is another example of a situation in which injustice is inevitable. After closely examining these three specific situations in which injustice—because of our natural tendency to look after our own best self-interests—is certain, it can be concluded that it is hopeless to try to attain such an idea as a society that is just for all. Because these perpetually unjust situations such as euthanasia, discrimination based on sexual preference, ideas like affirmative action or situations similar to these will most likely permanently exist, a society in which there is justice for all is unreachable.

Eight Elvises Essay

Following the times of the middle 1950’s Abstract Expressionism sparked an interest for Andy Warhol, and during the 60’s Andy, and Roy Lichtenstein created a new realism of America. This new realism was called Pop Art which expressed daily life in America as it was being lived. Warhol was born in 1928 as Andy Warhola, he grew up with a curiosity in commercials, and after a very successful life he became the main figure associated with Pop Art. His art is some of the most well known art of all time, and he is considered one of the best artists of all time, his greatest painting was done on canvas in 1963 called the Eight Elvises and is worth one hundred million dollars, which this amount is in the likes of Jackson Pollock, and Pablo Picasso’s work. Andy Warhol has many accomplishments during his life, and he was inspired by many different people and things. His talent led him to many opportunities including movies and artwork. Growing up Warhol was diagnosed with chorea which is a disease of the nervous system that causes movements that are involuntary. This disease is correlated with scarlet fever, causing Andy to grow up primarily bed-ridden, and this is where he listened to the radio and collected pictures of movie stars which helped him gain his own personality and attributes. After his struggle he spent his time at Carnegie School of Fine Arts Institute in Pittsburgh, he studied hard and showed his artistic capability early while he studied commercial art. Warhol was quickly offered a position in New York drawing advertisements for a shoe company. This is where his whimsical colors started to be portrayed in his drawings of those shoes. While working with the shoe company he was recruited to illustrate the vinyl album covers for band by record labels who at the time were booming with musical talent. In 1952, while Warhol was doing shoe art he was also doing his own art on the side. He wanted to show his early work to the public, so after pitching his idea he got his first art show in New York at the Hugo Gallery. All of his works during these times are very interesting to me, because he used his art to represented life as it was in America every day. Warhol took these everyday things as simple as Campbell’s soup cans, or Coke Cans and turned them into monumental items in America’s life. These items sell over 3 million products a day; these companies’ should be thanking Andy for making their business boom Worldwide. Warhol stated â€Å"You can be watching TV and see Coca-Cola, and you know that the President drinks Coca-Cola, Liz Taylor drinks Coca-cola, and just think, you can drink Coca-Cola, too† (Art). This art of the soups and cokes form analytic lines the way he stacks cans precisely and mathematically as he draws, which takes extreme precision and measurement on his part to make sure that everything is straight and perfect. After these paintings were produced, Warhol began getting very well known in the New York art world. This art led him to moving on to what was called â€Å"The Factory† where many creative minds ranging from actors, writers, musicians, and other artists would drop by and lend their inspiration. The Factory† is where Andy let his ability shine, he decided to get rid of a difference between high and low art, and make known that art can be found anywhere. High art being art that has history and low art being art that has no history, but Andy wanted to clear high and low all together. Warhol liked the factory because it had a crazy atmosphere that fit his life style. He produced all of his work during the time at factory while he was working there. Including in 1963 piece that had the most impact on me which was the silkscreen painting Eight Elvises because the unusual thing about this silkscreen is that it is unique. Warhol had many other silkscreen’s that were produced sometimes in the hundreds, and Warhol only made one Eight Elvises. This 12 ft canvas shows from left to right Elvis in cowboy attire with his gun drawn in his right hand with seven repeat images on the left of his body finishing off with a full body view with left hand in sight as his body fades away. Warhol was known as a primary visual artist and this art is an example of that. Silkscreen is a stencil method of printmaking in which a design is imposed on a screen of silk or other fine mesh, with blank areas coated with an impermeable substance, and ink is forced through the mesh onto the printing surface. Warhol did not bother to clean up the imperfections of the print including slips of the screen, uneven inkings of the roller, and general graininess. I believe that this artwork and the artists represent America because Warhol used American icons such as items and faces to secure a place for these in history. For these reasons this is why I have chosen this artwork. I like that he used a popular person Elvis and put his pop art twist on him turning him into eight western Elvises ready to draw his weapon, I think this means that he is a dependable hero for America to lean on. Warhol uses high and low art through his artwork giving it a desirable product. During the sixties his art was very distinct and powerful which in turn Warhol gained mass popularity, and people that had known him had been driven away from him due to his success. In 1968 a woman that worked for Warhol on occasion found him and shot him in the stomach, stating that â€Å"He had to much control over my life† (Art). He survived the gunshot, but was injured horribly and was required to wear a bandage on his stomach for the rest of his life. After this incident Warhol returned to the art world creating some more of my favorite art because of the way that he uses colors on the faces of American icons such as Marilyn Monroe, Mr. and Mrs. JFK, even Jimmy Carter, Mick Jagger, and Elvis. After the assassination attempt he also began publishing a magazine called â€Å"Interview† which is still published today. This magazine was dubbed as â€Å"The Crystal Ball of Pop (Interview. com) due to Warhol’s style of running the magazine, Andy would take pictures of famous people or items and by adding his color schemes he would make the entire magazine look like his art. A portion of this magazine is still dedicated to Andy’s style of work. His hard work ethic led him to many art shows getting his work extensively in museums and galleries around the world until he died during a gall bladder procedure that was deemed a safe procedure. His work of almost forty years has secured his position as one of the most influential talents of all time, and one of the greatest artists in the world. Warhol grew up with tough conditions leading to his confused life and very awkward personality type, these factors contributed to his choice of being a homosexual and his ambition of wanting to only make rich people richer by putting their pictures in the art world for more people to look at this is why he did so many self portraits. He wanted everyone to remember what he did and to this day I would say he made a big impact.

In-Depth Psychoanalysis Essay

The formation and maintenance of the psychoanalysis frame is important for the function of setting up an ideal emotional relationship with a patient. It is the ability to know how to help the patient by deducing the emotional projections and barriers that are present within the patient’s psyche (Bishop, 1989). The concept of psychic reality embraces the image of the external world, which accommodates the internal world in an individual that is composed of masculine and feminine energies. It is important for psychoanalysts to comprehend this existing relationship between the external and internal world so that the patient will not be confused in understanding his or her situation (Bishop, 1989). In psychoanalysis, both analyst and patient are expected to merge the inner and outer subjectivity of the patient. The analyst’s main role is to figure out what is the scope of that subjectivity and form a suitable analysis of it that will be able to help both of them to find a solution. The analyst should strive to become a part of the patient’s illness in order to arrive at a solution. This is called Transference which is a central element to psychoanalysis (Bishop, 1989). The door to the past is opened through transference as it seeks to make sense of the present. Objectivity has no place in psychoanalysis because the process is derived from the complexities found within the patient’s psyche. An analyst must be able to honor the patient’s projections of reality for it is there that the solution may be brought to light (Bishop, 1989). A conceptual frame exists in the process of psychoanalysis in which the mode of transference is indicative of the projections offered by both the patient and the analyst. It is imperative that an analyst maintains the frame by respecting the patient’s time as it is giving the patient an opportunity to handle his or her own problems (Bishop, 1989). While both the analyst and the patient remain independent, mental interpenetration should be experienced by both parties through the combined efforts of projective identification. It is a process that permits bonding with the patient, alluding to a psychic intercourse. In psychotherapy, the psychotherapist is expected to psychically bond with the patient as a marital partner that nurses the wounded child found within the patient (Bishop, 1989). Psychological elements within the frame emphasizes on three things: Neutrality, anonymity and avoidance of extra-analytic contact. The first element, neutrality, considers a behavior in which the analyst withholds external manifestations of judgment to keep things professional and the psychoanalytic process unaffected. The second element deals with anonymity, which exhibits separation of an analyst’s personal life from the profession. It is obscuring personal attributes and judgment from a patient, except if it is considered beneficial to the situation at hand. The last element, avoidance of extra-analytic contact, upholds the professionalism of the psychoanalyst by deciding to evade places where patients would most likely be. This will set limitations between analyst and patient by not encouraging further contact between the two parties aside from those established within the bounds of the psychoanalysis sessions (Bishop, 1989). Along with these elements, silence contributes a great deal toward intervention in psycho-analytic treatment. It promotes an attitude toward to a gestational state where the individual could combine thoughts and feelings. The space in the room should be filled with the patient’s mind and not the therapists’ knowledge. Silence allows the patient to center on what is inside rather than what is outside. An analyst should take care not to interfere with this process as language may affect its course (Bishop, 1989). Another thing an analyst should keep in mind is interpreting the silence by giving importance to the transference process, exposing the unconscious mind. The purpose of unraveling such consciousness is to project the instinctual or the here and now. Transference brings rise to object relations connected with the patient’s anxieties toward unconsciousness (Bishop, 1989). For an analyst to be more attuned toward the needs of the patient, derivatives must be presented in order to clarify what was obtained from the transference. It is keeping the exchange route open and flowing. The frame of psychoanalysis should be preserved in such a way that it allows room for both the patient and the analyst to bond together by figuring out the source of the psychological discomfort. It is establishing a stable connection between the patient and the analyst (Bishop, 1989). 2. Discuss Bion’s Model as it relates to psychological development and psychotherapeutic process. What correlates do you find in the work of Freud and Kohut? Initially, Bion’s interpretations of the subconscious mind gravitate toward the idea that thoughts precede thinking. He believes that people have existing preconceptions about the environment and their realizations. When these two factors meet, it serves as a basis for thinking (Bishop, 1989). Bion postulates that each person possesses an inclination to be psychotic (PPP), though it is very much different from being in a state of psychosis. For Bion, it involves a set of process in which sufficient trauma activates the reversion of PPP, enabling one to experience such a state. It is fueled by the death instinct that affects the instinctual drive to kill and the ability to think and feel (Bishop, 1989). Feelings and thoughts are processed by the patient as a separate entity from him or her; therefore, the psychotic part emerges as a detached state that breaks the linkages between thoughts and feelings. As a result, destructive impulses, intolerant frustrations, hatred and irritability occur within the patient, rendering narcissistic love into sadism (Bishop, 1989). The patient experiencing this kind of state lives in a state of persecution through the creation of bizarre objects or hallucinations. This part of the personality relies on removing any negative thought-process through projective identification. Most often, projective identification refers to the pathological element of execution but under normal circumstances, it is a mode of interpersonal communications that permits the patient to express his or her feelings for the analyst to make sense of them. Such frightening expressions of the patient create a digestible container in the analyst who accepts the projected reality (Bishop, 1989). The analyst then interjects such expressions or beta elements surrounding the projection. The analyst needs to acknowledge how frightening the projection is and respond to it appropriately. Â  This process is known as alpha function, which simply associates itself from the feeding ritual of birds. The parent bird feeds the baby by taking the worm and digesting it through the creation of bite-size pieces. When the digestion is achieved, the parent bird regurgitates it in the mouth of the baby bird in order to help the baby bird digest the food. The human counterpart features the analyst as the parent bird and the patient as the baby bird. The patient projects a reality to the analyst, which in turn is emotionally digested by the analyst and offered back to the patient. The analyst needs to regress in order to process projective identification so that it coincides with what the patient has given (Bishop, 1989). If the beta element returned by the therapist is unstable, the patient will assume that the therapist is of no help as he or she could not comprehend the situation. This leads the patient to feel misunderstood and alone. From this, the patient starts to project a more violent attitude toward the analyst. The outcome may lead to psychosis if the patient is unable to find another container on which to project the beta elements. The analyst must be able to reframe the beta elements in order to provide the big picture to the patient (Bishop, 1989). With regard to Kohut and Freud, both place special emphasis on narcissism. Kohut identifies narcissism as a way of rejection by discarding oneself into another’s experience through empathy. It is the primary therapeutic tool that does not connote affect or emotional attitude. The affect is only experienced once the analyst finally comprehends the patient’s circumstance (Curtis, 2008). While Freud may have discussed how an individual relates to his or her being as an object and creates conflict within if disappointments occur, separating it from the line of development, Kohut believes that the narcissistic line is a long-term process. People take what they can from their environment all throughout their lives, which is what fuels narcissism (Curtis, 2008). The transference in Kohut’s explanation takes place in the selfobject relationship which provides a mirroring positive response to the patient that is in dire need of it. It is the proliferation of affirmation, appreciativeness, and fulfillment of purpose, which supports narcissism in its most positive sense. The function of this is to supply the emotional deficit that is lacking in the environment of the patient (Curtis, 2008). One of the major changes that have occurred from traditional psychoanalysis is the introduction of selfobject as a counterpart of the projective identification of Klein/Freud. It sets up primary emotional connections that aid in psychological development. The process is not concerned with the outside notions of the self but of the inner projections that manifests itself through deficits (Curtis, 2008). Another modification concerns the predisposition of the analyst of the past to take things from an objective perspective to a subjective experience. This view intercepts the existing relationship of the analyst-patient into one unit which also encourages counter-transference on the part of the analyst (Curtis, 2008). Psychotherapy involves the examination of a patient’s long history and the fragments of mal-attunments that affects his or her sense of self. The role of the analyst is to assist the patient in re-establishing the nuclear self and assesses realistically the positive side of the patient’s psyche. This is the only way for the patient to willingly internalize the deficits through optimal failures. Failure is essential to the growth of an individual since it helps develop perseverance and maintain a healthy ego. Psychotherapy helps in the process of arriving at the selfobject needs of patient through the awareness of the existing deficits and responding empathically to it (Curtis 2008). References: Bishop, A. (1989). Classical psychoanalytic technique. In R. Langs (Ed.). New York: Guilford Press. Curtis, R.C. (2008). Desire, Self, Mind, and the Psychotherapies: Unifying Psychological Science and Psychoanalysis (The New Imago). (1st ed.). New York: Jason Aronson.

Persuasive Film Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Persuasive Film Analysis - Essay Example The fireworks are revealed to be part of a celebration of Al Gore's election to the Presidency in 2000. The dream sequence that follows appeals to Democrats' hopes, dreams, and expectations on a very basic, fundamental level. Contrasted with that is the conspiracy information that a Bush cousin is an executive for Fox Channel in Florida and Bush’s brother Jeb, the Governor of Florida, promised George that he would win. Moore’s film suggests that the means by which Bush won Florida and thus the Presidency was not legitimate, convincingly causing the audience to feel curiosity and a growing sense of unease. Once the dream segment is over, the movie restarts with a black screen and the sounds of the streets of New York the day the planes hit the World Trade Center. In addition to very effective continued emotional appeals, Moore uses well-documented evidence, such as news videos of the moment Bush received news of the attack and callously turned back to reading to a group of children, to prove that George Bush was a bad president. Not only did he steal the election, but he did not effectively respond to emergencies and he was politically compromised by family and business interests. Other evidence he offers includes interviews with influential people, verifiable historic events, photographed images, and documents that he shows on the screen. The evidence is highly convincing and effectively distributed throughout the film to maintain variety and interest. A specific sequence that demonstrates the logic of the presentation occurs as the film examines the business connections between the Saudi Arabian government and the Bush family. Records of the passengers on each of the planes showed that nine of the 13 hijackers were of Saudi nationality, bringing up a disturbing connection. Video records showed that the senior Bush was engaged in a meeting with the Carlyle Group, of which he and the Bin Laden family are involved, on the morning of the attach. Addi tional records illustrate that the younger Bush was bailed out of his several business failures by large financial investments from Saudi business groups during a time when his father was head of the CIA and Vice President. Through this progression, Moore leads the audience to the conclusion that the Bush family must be more personally loyal to the Saudis than to the country they professed to lead. This conclusion is underlined with the parting shot reminding the audience that the only planes flying that day were military planes and a private airline quickly evacuating members of the Bin Laden family safely out of the U.S. The film has many strengths, including the elements listed above, but one of the weaknesses of the film is the overwhelming elements of the conspiracy theory Moore is developing. While the arguments are convincing because they are supported by strong evidence, the accusations are vast. He suggests not only that Bush stole the election with help from people who kne w he was incompetent, but he did so in order to further the personal interests of his family and friends. From the U.S. involvement in Afghanistan to the degradation of civil rights including the Patriot Act, the government’s misuse of terror warnings, and, in the final section of the movie, the conflict in Iraq, Moore's march is relentless and can be oppressive. Because of its approach, the film was easily accepted as truth by people who already criticized Bush before they saw the film, but

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-GOVERNMENT IN INDIA Essay

A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF E-GOVERNMENT IN INDIA - Essay Example This makes it doubly responsive as well, but provides a healthy iv. Larger Urban area than rural area: Chandigarh, spread in an area of approx 115 Sq Kms, is a cosmopolitan with a mix of rural and urban areas, but having majority of urban area makes life simpler for planners (79 Sq. km Urban area and 36 Sq. km Rural area.), as basic infrastructure is available as per the urban services. Therefore any e-initiative can be started off without much additional infrastructural investments. v. Effective Power distribution network: Chandigarh has one of the best electricity distribution systems in India. Efforts are being made towards further rationalization of power tariff and energy reforms vi. Progressive IT location: Some of the industries that have already placed their footprints on Chandigarh are; VLSI Design, Software Development, ITES, BPO etc. During the year 2003-04 software exports from Chandigarh amounted to more than US $ 2.3 billion, which indicates towards its potential as an IT destination. There are about 3000 IT professionals working in and around the main parks viz. Chandigarh Technology Park, Quark City, and the SPIC Incubation Centre vii. Aware and Active Citizens: Literacy rate in Chandigarh is reasonably high. Furthermore, the Chandigarh Administration also targets that by the end of 2006; at least 30% of all school graduates would have the requisite soft-skills to be recruited into the ITES industry. Citizens have responded in good measure towards this end by offering requisite support by sending their wards for IT training. viii. Right IT infrastructure: Infrastructure is the key to any development in the society. IT initiative is no exception. The city is home to national level institutes such as Central Scientific Instruments Organization (CSIO), Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), and PG Institute of Medical Education & Research. The NASSCOM KPMG Study 2004 cites Chandigarhs strengths as high

Nursing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nursing - Assignment Example Although there has been an influx in RNs born in foreign countries and nurses over the age of 50 returning to work, the fact is younger Americans do not consider joining the nursing profession. This presents policymakers with a big dilemma. It is a fact that the current staffing ratios and patient staffing requirement are inadequate. This paper will review this statement.  In a research jointly funded by the AHRQ, the Center for Medicare and Medical Services, the Institute of Nursing Research, and the Health Recourses and Service Administration done in 1993, over six million medical and surgical patients were reviewed. According to this research, it was found that in the 799 hospitals researched, higher RN staffing was inversely proportional to the adverse patient outcome and vice versa (Hospital nurse staffing, 2013). In addition, the probability of failure to rescue was higher in hospitals that had lower nurse staffing levels. Based on these findings, adverse patient events like pneumonia in hospitals with lower RNs to patient ration were associated with a bigger financial burden. For instance, the cost of treating pneumonia increased by between around $22,390 to $28,505 for the target audience researched. In line with this research, it is a fact that, the current staffing ratios in our hospitals must be addressed not only to preserve or increase the quality of life of patients.

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness Essay - 9

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness - Essay Example Having being founded in 1984, the company has extensively invested in geothermal energy under the leadership of John Watson, the current chairman and CEO. Chevron success has not only been based on the product diversification but also due to merger and acquisition strategies that it has adopted. Some of the notable companies that Chevron has acquired include Texaco in 2000, GM Ovonics, Unocal Corporation and ATLAS Energy Incorporation among others. Chevron Corporation is an international company that has established outlets in many countries that includes Angola, Australia, Azerbaijan, Brazil, Cambodia, Liberia, Kuwait, Russia, Thailand, Ukraine and Malaysia among may other countries. In this way, the company has been able to effectively distribute its brands resulting to high sales and sustainable profit. In order to ensure that the company meets the needs of all its stakeholders, Chevron supports diversity while at the same time it fosters inclusion. The company has rich diversity of ideas that has been generated by experienced and skilled workforce. Most importantly, the company has maintained The Chevron Way, which indicates that Chevron learns from and respect the cultures in which it operates. Additionally, the company is committed to being recognized as a global leader that backs its strategies with quantifiable results. During its operations, Chevron undertakes its operations in a way that indicates respect for its emp loyees as well as the world community. One of the company achievements is that it was the first major energy firm to involve sexual orientation in its nondiscriminatory working policies. In 2012, Chevron was honored as the top corporation by Women Business Enterprise National Council due to its ability to provide adequate opportunities to women entrepreneurs. Similarly, the company was recognized in 2012 and was awarded Diversity Leader Award due to it commitment to diversity as well

Possible Recommendations for Drowling Mountain Essay

Possible Recommendations for Drowling Mountain - Essay Example Operating as a nonprofit resort meant that the organization did not have any income generating activity but after its lease to Ian MacArthur, things took a new turn. This specifically means than for the business to continue flourishing as the leading skiing resort, the management should encourage more privatization efforts. Owing to the numerous challenges that the Drowling Mountain faced in its operations, one can insinuate that it performed rather well in the 2009-2010 financial year, at least going by the financial statements recorded during the year. Perhaps the first major recommendation that would save Drowling Mountain from the previous downward trend and set it for a financial takeoff is the adoption of new marketing strategies. Keeping cognizant of the fact that the competition is very stiff, particularly when it comes to the skiing industry, Drowling Mountain can only embark on a robust marketing campaign to attract more tourists. This is majorly because despite the fact th at Drowling Mountain is strategically located at the highest ski mountain, it has won the love of the local Syracuse residents in the past. In addition, most lovers of skiing prefer Drowling Mountain especially the local population who perceive that the skiing resort is one of their own besides offering a host of other hospitality services apart from skiing. When it comes to the management of the organization, much more need to be done in order to ensure that all the departments are fully functional. This ought to start with the restructuring of the Board of Directors in order to eliminate any redundant positions while creating new and deserving managerial positions. This will actually lead to enhanced efficiency in service delivery that will translate to high customer satisfaction. Currently, there are only eight members in the board out of the required eleven, which means that there are lapses in concrete decision-making and overall management of the resort. Perhaps another recomm endation that would befit Drowling Mountain is the use of industry comparable to take the company to the next level. Although Cartier had done a good job in this perspective, it is important to advise that the resort needs to compare with other players within the industry in order to set a benchmark from which to operate. This will not only help in keeping track of their rivals’ profitability and strategies but it will also help the company come up with better strategies to gain a competitive advantage. This means that in addition to looking for outside and new sources to finance initiatives that could chip in, the company needs to find a lasting solution to the long-term debt that has always kept a toll on its working capital. Instead of digging into the market dynamics, Cartier should simply enhance the cash position of the company by expanding the services through active encouragement of the tourists to enjoy other services of the resort apart from skiing. Since a vast maj ority of the customers have complained of exorbitant pricing by Drowling Mountain, it would be appropriate to consider the pricing strategy. Taking into consideration the advanced ski hills owned by Drowling Mountain, more tourists should be encouraged by fair pricing that would give them value for their money. This way, the company would experience a tremendous rise in its yearly profits because, currently, it is the resort of choice for most tourists despite the fact that it is the most expensive resort in Syracuse. It is understandable that customers tend to remember the lower prices even if there is an increase and there will be a careful strategies to make the customers understand in case of any price increase in the future. Perhaps the section that needs a major overhaul in Drowling Mountain

Hamilton Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Hamilton - Term Paper Example In 1815, there was a chopping mill that became the forts industry in this area. The area grew speedily which was aided in 1827 by a channel to Burlington Bay that is in line with Lake Ontario. In 1833, Hamilton was incorporated as a police village where a legislature was thereafter passed where it was able to establish a market1. When the town of Hamilton was first incorporated in 1833, its first order of business was to establish place for its board to meet where they met at local taverns like Thomas Wilson Inn at Jackson Streets. Hugh Cossart Baker established the first life insurance company in Canada.2 It later became the first functioning railway that transformed Hamilton into a major center for the immigration route from Boston and Newyork to Chicago. In 1856, the town saw the first locomotives built. In 1862, Hamilton town invested in the Great Western Railway and at the end of the Depression in 1862, the population in the town had dwindled since it was not able to meet the interests on its bonds held by British investors. In the 1870s era the town started to have a financial edge and shifted to an economic strategy of attracting the industry. It saw the birth of working class in 1872 and unionists that created the Nine Hour Movement that was to fight for limited hours to nine daily by the government. The same era saw the Bank of Hamilton established which lasted until 1924. It merged with The Commerce that later became the Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce. In 1847, the town established the first department store. The town played a huge role in the telephone development. In 1877, Hugh Cossart Baker Jr established the first commercial telephone in Canada in the town of Hamilton. He also established the first telephone exchange in the British Empire. He made the town to be the first commercial site for long distance telephone line in the British Empire. This paved

Summary and Analysis No Name Woman by Maxine Hong Kingston, Both Ain't Essay

Summary and Analysis No Name Woman by Maxine Hong Kingston, Both Ain't I A Woman by Sojourner Truth and No Name Woman - Essay Example But I do know what it is like to be excluded from the sisterhood and I do know what it's like to know that the plans around my birth were very different from the reality. She delivered her speech at the Woman's Convention in Akron. Women were beginning to respond to the mistreatments of chivalry and the way that they were infantilized by the dominant rhetoric, but Truth pointed out that both white men and white women assumed things that excluded systematically a black perspective. Truth had never known chivalry from men, at least white men: She had known the lash and starvation. She had never known being a domesticated baby factory: Instead, she was a career woman because she was a slave and she was not a mother of a troupe of children not because she didn't have those children but because they were sold into slavery. One could point out, bitterly, that even a black male slave would prefer to live like a white woman. The truth was making an appeal for the sisterhood, the emerging fem inist movement, to represent all women, and to bear in mind that what women need varies from group to group. I have known many a time where I felt excluded from a sisterhood that portrayed them as the archetype of femininity. Whether cheerleaders or well-meaning young feminists, I've seen people repeatedly act as if they were advancing â€Å"just us girls† when they were, in fact, trampling over me. She feels possessed by a ghost, the ghost of her aunt, who feels that Kingston should take her place. It wasn't the raid by the villagers.

UNWTO Analysis of a press release Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

UNWTO Analysis of a press release - Essay Example On the other hand, other nations refused to join the cause to agitate for a safer environment hence increasing more emissions into the atmosphere. This has in turn led to deterioration of water bodies and rain-forming clouds hence the increased drought and lack of food around the world. There are several ways in which green innovation in tourism can trigger major economic, social and environmental benefits. This is when the situation is through the assessment of a nation and possibly a single hotel. For example, in a country such as South Africa, fundamental shifts in its tourism sectors would propel it to greater heights in terms of green innovation. This is possible especially when the spotlight is on the major economic benefits (Dahlstrom, 2010). First, it will cut costs of maintaining pollutants that always become irritants in main tourism hotels. Therefore, it is imperative to focus on sustainability whereby the eco-friendly ventures of the green innovation project create and expand jobs. This is attainable through the increase of competitive merits for other existing organizations in South Africa. Additionally, there should be an emphasis on destinations in different roads that lead to a major tourism hotel found in South Africa in order to boost the experience of visitors. Another better way for green innovation to trigger economic benefits is through production of low-carbon economy products. This is because they retain their eco-benefits when imported from other nations. On that account, the supply of these commodities will increase a demand for eco-friendly products in a hotel such as Blue Star in South Africa. In the same breadth, green innovation also inculcates the reverse innovation system whereby there is innovati on in a developed market in response to a pressing need (Ottman, 2011). Therefore, in a big hotel such as Blue Star, it is essential to use a few technologies that boost investment and development in the tourism industry. Moreover, it will propel sales revenue in terms of the number of tourists visiting the Blue Star hotel. On the other hand, green innovation may also trigger social benefits for the tourists who visit Blue Star hotel. For example, such development will ensure that tourists have awareness in the conservation of their surroundings. Similarly, sustainability of policy integration in the sectors that affect tourists in an African country such as South Africa is also beneficial in green innovation. However, it is crucial to observe that the supply chain and other industries that implement eco-friendly practices in hotels bring exuberance. This suggests that green innovation inspires tourists through engaging in eco-friendly practices such as suggesting designs that augur with their interests. In the same view, tourists will have the opportunity to report their waste and water consumption, hotel energy and even benchmarking on other similar eco-friendly. It also improves on the health of the tourists especially for those who do not smoke because it’s a green innovation implemented in the rooms within the hotels. However, other arising social needs that enhance the life of tourists in the Blue Star hotel entail purification of water and utilization of energy-efficient lights bulbs (Cohen, 2010). For example, they should also practice the recycling of bottles and materials discarded in the

The Ghosts of My Lai Essay Example for Free

The Ghosts of My Lai Essay Sometimes events in a person’s life can have dramatic effects long after the incident is over. If the problems are serious enough, psychological and mental imbalances can occur. Such is the case with John Wade. His participation in the My Lai massacre in Vietnam never leaves his consciousness. It haunts him in the forms of dreams and affects his self perception and behavior. Ultimately, it casts upon him the suspicion of murder. Throughout the details of John and Kathy’s days at the cabin, John’s nights are troubled by dreams of his time in Vietnam. He dreams of shooting his trenchmate and of other amorphous yet frightening memories. His lack of sleep and the anxiety these dreams cause haunt him during the day as well. His mutterings of â€Å"Kill Jesus† are a concise manifestation of this problem. Other than the dreams, John still internalizes his persona as a sorcerer. From his childhood, John turned to magic to make his problems disappear, or as he notes, â€Å"where he could turn bad things into good things and just be happy† (O’Brien 66). His father’s taunts at his weight and his father’s alcoholism were made easier to bear by his ability to perform tricks. When he goes to Vietnam, he internalizes his role as the magician even more and is given the nickname Sorcerer by his platoon mates. However, when he cannot make all the death and destruction disappear, the doubts begin to creep in. He accidentally kills one of his own men, makes him disappear, and this constantly affects him through dreams. Later, in the My Lai massacre, he adopts the name Sorcerer himself, perhaps as a way to disengage himself from the murders he was committing and from his ultimate crimes. Once home, he continues this need to control. He creeps around and spies on Kathy while she is at college, deriving a sordid feeling of power from this secrecy. He acknowledges that â€Å"The trick then was to be vigilant. He would guard his advantage. The secrets would remain secret – the things he’d seen, the things he’s done. He would repair what he could, he would endure, he would go from year to year without letting on that there were tricks† (O’Brien 46). It sounds as if John cannot separate his experience with death and fear in the war with his fear that his wife will somehow leave him. These feelings followed them throughout their lives, never letting up. Alcoholism also impeded upon their lives. He refuses psychiatric help. Infidelity and the ghosts of Vietnam eventually erupt to the surface, ruining John’s political career. He finds he has lost control of his life, and with the disappearance of his wife, of Kathy herself. At the end, he loses himself, leaving only speculation of what could have happened to his wife. The stress that Wade endured in Vietnam, particularly his role in the My Lai massacre, coupled with the dysfunction in his relationship with his father all led to a frightened but controlling husband in John Wade. The mystery continues.

CALPUFF-CALMET Modeling System

CALPUFF-CALMET Modeling System 1. Introduction Nowadays, due to the fast expansion of industrial development and population increase, air pollution has become one of the most serious problems in the world, especially in large cities and consequently, the problem of air pollution and its control has become increasingly. Fossil fuel combustion, especially which based on oil and coal is one of the major causes of the environmental problems affecting both local and global levels. However, several countries are still using fossil fuels as primary energy, especially in developing countries. Electricity consumption in Iran has experienced a considerable growth during recent years because of economical development, industrialization and population increase. In 1973, electric energy generation per capita was 310 kWh, which increased to 2935 kWh in 2008. Electricity generation using fossil fuels has destructive effects on environment. Due to Irans environmental conditions, electricity generation is mainly performed by thermal power plants, so that near 85% of the required electric energy is produced by thermal power plants. Gas-fired power plants are the dominant part which accounted up to 62% of total power generation. Oil-fired power plants generated 22.4% and 14.7% produced from hydroelectric plants. Although hydroelectric plants make 14.7% proportion of plants in Iran, these plants have generated only 5.1% of the power due to a fall in precipitation over the past few years. Natural gas (71.3%) is the largest source of fuel for electricity generation followed by heavy oil (15.8%) and gas oil (12.4%). Although, the main fuel of power plants is gas, the environmental problems are still concerned Air quality is a major determinant of human health. Meteorology plays a great role in determining air quality changes downwind of emission sources. Both the wind and atmospheric stability greatly affect dispersion conditions. Local influences due to terrain and land-cover factors can also be important. Air dispersion and deposition models are tools for estimating concentrations of air pollutants and deposition rates due to industrial or other emission sources (Prince Rupert Airshed Study). Air quality models are instrumental in providing valuable insights into the processes involved in the transport, dispersion and chemical transformation of pollutants in the atmosphere .These models use mathematical equations and numerical methods to describe the concepts involved in the atmosphere. In recent years, CALPUFF model has good performance in the simulation of many kinds of pollutants under complicated topography, especially in the area larger than 50 km. CALPUFF can be run in any specific location around the world, and for any modeling type period selected by the user. Due to its flexibility, CALPUFF has been used in several research studies. Over the past years, several CALPUFF-aided case studies have been published. Shiyao Li et al. (2016) used CALPUFF model to simulate the spatial distribution of sulfur dioxide in Urumqi and analyzes the source contribution to areas where the SO2 concentration is high. Prueksakorn et al. (2014) applied WRF/CALPUFF modeling system and multimonitoring methods to investigate the effect of seasonal variations on odor dispersion in Changwon City of South Korea. Abdul-Wahab et al. (2011) used CALPUFF software to measure and simulate the dispersion of sulfur dioxide (SO2) at the Mina Al-Fahal Refinery in the Sultanate of Oman. Abdul-Wahab et al. (2013) used CALPUFF to study the effect of meteorological conditions on the dispersion of an accidental release of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Abdul-Wahab et al. (2015) applied CALPUFF to assess the quality of the proposed Miller Braeside quarry expansion in Canada. Hyung-Don Lee et al. (2014) used WRF-CALPUFF software to simulate concentration distributi ons of typical air pollutants (PM10 and SO2) in the Ulsan Petrochemical Industrial Complex (UPIC), and statistics are computed to determine the models ability to simulate observations. In this study, a CALMET diagnostic model nested to WRF model simulation is evaluated by comparison to surface air measurements, along specific periods. Then the CALPUFF dispersion model was used to simulate and predict the concentration of SO2, NOX, CO and PM10 that are emitted from the Shahid-Montazeri power plant (SMPP) of Esfahan, Iran.   The main goal of this study is to evaluate the capability of the CALPUFF model to simulate the concentrations of SO2, NOX, CO and PM10 in the nearby of power plant for special topographical and climatological conditions of the study area. First, the amounts of pollution exhausted from the stacks and the ambient concentrations of pollution due to the emitted gases from the stacks of Shahid-Montazeri power plant have been monitored in four receptors (Figure 1). Then the ambient concentration levels of pollution have been simulated for the receptors, using CALPPUF Lagrangian Gaussian puff model. Finally, the comparison of model prediction results and the monitored concentrations have been done through statistical analysis. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. Model description Technical description of CALPUFF-CALMET modeling system CALPUFF is one of the US Environmental Protection Agencys (EPA) preferred models for assessing transport of pollutants and their effects, on a case-by-case basis, or for certain near-field applications involving complex meteorological conditions. The modeling system consists of three main components and a set of preprocessing and post processing programs. The main components of the modeling system are CALMET (a diagnostic 3-dimensional meteorological model), CALPUFF (an air quality dispersion model) and CALPOST (a post processing package). CALMET is a diagnostic meteorological model which can make use of topography, land type, meteorological observation data and meteorological simulation data to diagnosis of wind and temperature fields based on the mass conservation equation. Besides the wind and temperature fields, CALMET determines the 2D fields of micro meteorological variables needed to carry out dispersion simulations (mixing height, Monin Obukhov length, friction velocity, convective velocity and others). The quality of a meteorological preprocessor is one of the main determinants of the overall quality of the air dispersion model, and this is particularly true for the CALPUFF/CALMET modeling system in a wide range of conditions. The main purpose of CALMET is to obtain the best possible meteorological data based on the available information. In particular, CALMET can receive measured data, modeled data (i.e., generated by a meteorological model like MM5 or WRF), or both. When a high-resolution terrain data set is available, CALMET is capable of using this information to estimate local deviations from meteorological data measured or modeled at a coarser resolution (Scire J.S). CALPUFF is a multi-species non-steady-state puff dispersion model that simulates the effects of time and space varying meteorological conditions on pollutant transport, transformation, and removal. CALPUFF allows the use of on-site turbulence measurements of the horizontal and vertical Gaussian dispersion coefficients, but also allows for the use of similarity theory and micrometeorological variables, derived from meteorological observations and surface characteristics, to obtain these coefficients. CALPUFF utilizes a Gaussian puff formulation to calculate the concentration of a pollutant (or spores, in our application) at any given location downwind, and the deposition at users specified locations at ground level (Use of a complex air pollution model to estimate W. Pfender). CALPOST can extract CALPUFF simulation data according to customers demand (Spatial distribution and source analysis of SO2 concentration in Urumqi). 3. Methodology a. Description of study area and model domain Isfahan is located in the central Iran inside the plains stretching along the Zayandeh Rood River. The city is located in a relatively mountainous area in the center of the Iranian Plateau and stretches from the snowy Zagros Mountains in the West to the East and North-central deserts of Iran. There exist a variety of climatic conditions in the city thanks to regions with different altitudes. The outstanding features of Isfahan are little rainfall, average less than 125 mm. Isfahan is located in 32.67N, 51.83E, and elevation 1550-1650 m, with more than 1.7 million population (https://amar.sci.org.ir/index_e.aspx). There are more than a million automotive and heavy duty vehicles using diesels, gasoline, and natural gas in Isfahan. This city is known as the largest industrialized region in Iran, where there are many industrial states, steel companies, and etc. There is also one of the biggest electric power plant of Iran. Shahid-Montazeri steam power plant of Esfahan is located 15 km to the northwest of Isfahan along the Isfahan-Tehran highway next to Isfahan Refinery and Petrochemical Complex in a 2.2 million m2 land (Evaluation of synchronous execution of full repowering and solar assisting in a 200 MW steam power plant, a case study) (Figure 1). This power plant has 8 similar steam units each with a capacity of 200 MW. Montazeri plant is a steam power plant which is recently use natural gas. However, Montazeri uses heavy oil during the cold days due to increasing the domestic heating. The study area is located around as Montazeri power plant, with a total capacity of 1600 MW and two large smoke stacks (205 agl-m height, above ground level meters height and 1725 base elevetion) with four independent liners (one per boiler) in the same concrete shaft that are selected point sources (Figure 2).   Therefore, it should be considered as eight different point sources practically located at the same point; alternatively, it can be considered as a two point sources, with an emission and stack section as the sum of the four liners (Validation of CALMET/CALPUFF model simulations around a large power plant stack). In this study, dispersion of SO2, Nox, and particulate matter (pm10) emitted from the Montazeri power plant over the Esfahan basin was evaluated for two periods of days (from 10 to 31 January 2000). A simulation domain of 100100 km2 was selected by the power plant positioned at the center, in order to cover any pollutant source local impact. This area is divided into 10000 grids, the size of which is 1 km 1 km. The southwest corner of the domain is located at longitude 50.96E, latitude 32.35N. The northeast corner is located at longitude 52.03E, latitude 33.24N and the elevation of the study area varies from 1500 to 2800 m. Table 1 represents the information model input which is used for defining the case study meteorological domain. b. Emission data The main sources of pollutants in Montazeri power plant are resulted from exhaust gases of the stacks which cause air pollution in the power plant area and its surrounding. The values of SO2, NO, NO2 and PM10 emissions from the stacks of Montazeri power plant have been measured by Testo 350-XL device for gases and ISOSTACK BASIC device for particulate maater, during the period of simulation. The data of stack characteristics and the emission rate of the pollutant have been presented in Tables 2. This release huge quantities of sulfur dioxide due to Steam power plants of Iran are not equipped with FGD systems to reduce SO2 emissions, and thereby, the emission factor of this pollutant is only influenced by electricity generation efficiency and sulfur percentage of the consumed heavy oil. In this study, we used data observed from four monitoring station to measure so2, nox and pm 10 (figure 1). Location of the monitoring stations (receptors) has been presented in Cartesian coordinate system in Table 2. Measurements at the monitoring station were done based on the average hour concentrations. c. Meteorological data Surface hourly observations in TD-3505 format were obtained from the Integrated Surface Hourly Database (ISHD) supported by the US National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) . Data was extracted hourly for the entire modeling period from March 10, 2012 at 00h00 UTC to March 12, 2012 at 23h00 LST. Due to the large number of missing data of the other surface meteorological parameters (such as: pressure, ceiling height and cloud cover) only temperature and wind speed were validated.   The purpose of extracting this data was only to evaluate the accuracy of the calmet model to simulate the vertical profiles of wind and temperature. Figure 3 shows the location of the meteorological station used in this study and a description of the surface stations is provided in table 3 d. Modeling approach The initial phase of CALPUFF modeling system involves the derivation of three dimensional meteorological wind fields for the study area using CALMET a diagnostic meteorological model (Estimated Public Health Exposure to H2S Emissions from a Sour Gas Well Blowout in Kaixian County, China). The input of CALMET model includes geophysical data (land use categories and terrain elevations), meteorological data (surface and upper air meteorological observations or meteorological fields generated by prognostic models) (A study of the effects of vehicle emissions on the atmosphere of Sultan Qaboos University in Oman). Due to lack of the surface and upper air meteorological data in the study area we used the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF: version 3.5.1) model to simulate of meteorological conditions. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF), a prognostic meteorological model, was used to calculate the hourly three-dimensional meteorological fields For CALMET model (Applications of WR F/CALPUFF modeling system and multi-monitoring). The WRF model description presented in Table 2. Initial conditions and boundary conditions are provided by the 1.0 degree National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) at 6-h intervals (Use of high-resolution MM5/CALMET/CALPUFF system: SO2 apportionment to air quality in Hong Kong). Data in WRF output files can be interpreted and converted to a format compatible with CALMET by CALWRF program (Scire et. al.2000b). CALMET requires geophysical data to characterize the terrain and land use parameters that potentially affect dispersion. Terrain features affect flows, create turbulence in the atmosphere, and are potentially subjected to higher concentrations of elevated puffs. Different land use types exhibit variable characteristics such as surface roughness, albedo, Bowen ratio, and leafarea index that also affect turbulence and dispersion (The use of an atmospheric dispersion model to determine influence regions in the Prince George, B.C.). Terrain elevation for the CALMET was obtained using the TERREL processor. The model was executed with terrain maps provided by Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and the Consortium for Spatial Information (CSI) website (http://www.cgiar-csi.org/data/srtm-90m-digital-elevation-database-v4-1), Data were collected as part of the Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) and processed by CSI into 5 x 5 degree tiles at 90-metre resolution. Land characteristics in the domain were extracted using the CALMET pre-processor CTGPROC. The input land use maps were obtained from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) websites in GeoTIFF format. Terrain characteristics map in the study area has been displayed in Fig. 3. To provide meteorological input to the CALPUFF model, the CALMET diagnostic model and WRF mesoscale prognostic model were coupled. The CALPUFF model uses the output file from CALMET together with source, receptor, and chemical reaction information to predict hourly concentrations. e. Statistical Data Analysis To determine the reliability of the simulation data, verification of simulated values using the WRF and CALMET models was conducted for surface temperature and wind speed at surface monitoring station using several statistical indicators. The statistical verification of model performance in this study was performed using four statistical indicators namely the Bias Error (B), Gross Error (E), Fractional Bias (FB), Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Index of Agreement (IOA). The formulas used to derive these four indicators are given in Equations

Brand Positioning Of Sap Erp Marketing Essay

Brand Positioning Of Sap Erp Marketing Essay What positioning strategy does is to create an image for the product that a company wants to bring in the mind of customers, in order to make them realize the current situation of market and competitors. Positioning is a strategic tool which is applied at all levels and which also makes marketing and its functioning less tedious. With Competitors and opportunities as a point of view the process which helps in identifying the consumers use of product and its patterns, attitudes and perceptions will help us to determine the best place for product or organization. (Karadeniz, 2009) Brand positioning of SAP-ERP SAP started as an ERP software vendor and today they are players in the ERP market. SAP to help themselves and to be provided with arms and ammunitions to build ERP, built a strong relationships with a variety of alliance partners. And today there are ample number of third-party developers who are suppliers of numerous add-on programs that work in conjunction with SAP products. SAP also offers ERP solutions appropriate for all sizes of companies and geographical needs are also sufficed. According to SAP their functional strengths includes: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Strong product development à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Ease in supporting Make-To-Order processing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Integrated retail module à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Clear visibility to goods-in-transit orders à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Good quality control and quality assurance functionality à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Good compliance with SOX and tax regulations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Strong cash management functionality SAP ERP Comparison with competitors: According to recent survey by panorama consulting they compared the offerings of SAP, Oracle and Microsoft Dynamics which showed that each of the companies has both strengths and weaknesses. It is important to remember that the suitability of a particular ERP solution for an organization is wholly dependent on the specific needs and requirements of that organization. Our positioning strategies: Keeping in mind the marketing techniques, for our product positioning we have made slogan which can be easily positioned in consumers mind i.e., Customization up to your Satisfaction is what we sell Customization by our Competitors? Be the first to leave a mark of your own, so it is always to help ourselves by being first. We can easily penetrate into everyones mind by a good first impression. As an old saying says First impression is the nest impression, when you are the first it is very easy to create an impression which lasts long. There are always second in the race and yes they create an impression but the first one to make a remarkable move wins attention. And its also known that the best one and the first one wins with more confidence irrespective of the environment. By being the first to claim a unique position in the mind the consumer, a firm effectively can cut through the noise level of other products. (Trout, 1981) Manufacturing Market Positioning strategy: Use and Application Manufacturing market is a vast area with different sized firms dealing with that for many years now. And with the current economy which is diminishing everyday it is important to note that small sized and mid-sized markets are the most affected. Positioning of SAP ERP here has to be done with respect to the Use and Application for the customers in the market, when we talk about use and application we mainly are concerned with how well the customer knows to make use of ERP and how they can apply to make themselves jump up to a better position. This now can be achieved by spreading knowledge about the product in order to reach the requirements and to serve the purpose of SAP ERP. Summary: A product can expand itself by making itself better known to customers and by increasing consumption by developing its uses and applications. The product has to be positioned accordingly in the minds of the customer with respect to individual target market. Service Industry Position Strategy: Product Class Service industry is a sector which contains business organizations in themselves which are working depending on cohesive information systems. ERP for this has to be able to deal with multiple aspects like billing, CRM, HR, supply chain management and so on. When we are using the product class, what we do is define the nature of the product and its services offered so as to serve the needs which are branded to be a part of particular market. When we divide the market keeping size and geographical conditions in mind, it is so done that each product designed for a market is capable of serving the purpose of the customers who buy it. So positioning by product class can be done if two products lie in the same product class. Positioning by product class mainly uses sales promotion as it tool. Example Get a toothbrush with a toothpaste free. Both of these products lie in the same product class and hence can be positioned accordingly. So what we do here is when the customer buys SAP ERP, we offer him few services they need for a trial and try to prove ourselves that we are the best for them to rely on. Once such a strategy is implemented and the product is released company simultaneously gains recognition in the market and the special offers steal peoples attention. Thus the company would have a better positioning once it advertised itself in its own product class. Henceforth, being in your own product class where your major target customers are is very important. Retail Industry Positioning: Characteristics and Customer benefits. Retail industry majorly deals with problems like requirements of stocks and placing orders and dealing with the wholesalers. Positioning can be done by using product characteristics or the customer benefits associated with the product to suit this market. In essence, the strategy relies on providing a superior product to the customers to have a better positioning. A strategy which is capable of positioning the product so that the customers can deal with all their issues at one single point. Characteristics and customer benefits show them that it is achievable to handle all the works by using one product. SAP ERP should be positioned as one such product, which helps in many ways with advantages. Few of those advantages are retail components, storeroom maintenance, workflow automation and technology integration. We agree there will be presence of few restrictions but it is also not deniable that the purpose wont be served. What we try to do here is just a plain strategic development blue print for our product which we portray as the best for them and we prove it by providing all possible characteristics there should be and the benefits that we can offer at no cost for self.

Laidlaw by William McIlvanney :: Laidlaw William McIlvanney

Laidlaw  by William McIlvanney Laidlaw is a novel written by the famous Scottish born author William McIlvanney. His inspirational style of writing has delivered him prestigious awards for all his high quality novels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Laidlaw is set in the urban city of Glasgow in the 90's and delivers a cutting insight to big industries and crime in society. McIlvanney creates a stunning atmosphere and examines the fascinating issues of why people commit murder and the devastating results of violence. One of the reasons I selected this novel wasn't just because of the quality and origin of the author and the setting , it was because of the infuriating character of Cheif Detective Inspector Jack Laidlaw , he is the main character and the most memorable one.   He is the spearhead of the investigations into the murder of a teenage girl , he has to do this in a city of hard men, villains and fat cat businessmen.   To look more deeper into the mysterious character of Laidlaw and his personality , we need to look at his interests and prejudices , Laidlaw is the main focus , in this novel and he captures everyone’s imagination and thoughts . He is an unorthodox det ective who is always wondering about the nature of society , threading his way through pubs and clubs trying to find the murderer of an apparently innocent girl. Laidlaw is such a memorable character who requires to be looked at and examined closely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jack Laidlaw is a universe apart from other examples of detectives , he examines the more intriguing issues of how and why people can commit the reprehensible crime of murder and the harrowing aftermath of crime and violence. Jack Laidlaw can deeply understand people more than anyone could ever imagine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jack Laidlaw is an odd sort detective, and this is an odd sort of novel. He lives and works in the gloomy, cheerless heart of urban Glasgow; and he keeps the works of "Camus"," Unamuno" and "Kierkegaard"in his top desk drawer, "where other detectives would normally rather keep their secret stashes of liquor." Unlike many other detectives with uppity tastes in literature, no one congratulates him for this or encourages him in any way; the whole world tells him that he thinks too much to be a good detective . However, he persists in trying to understand crimes as well as solve them : "You want to live as if the rest of the world was just a necessary evil and that you have to be a monster to be a criminal ,it's fucking not true , it's all in peoples concealed heads.

Explain what is meant by the full employment level of National Income :: Economics

Explain what is meant by the full employment level of National Income and Equilibrium level of National Income. Why might these levels of income be different? National Income is the level of total output, expenditure or income of an economy over a period of time. The main measure of NY used around the world today is Gross Domestic Product, or GDP. This is a measure of all domestic production, that is, production not including trade, which takes into account the value of indirect taxes such as GST. Full employment level of National Income means the level of total output attained when unemployment is at a socially acceptable level. In most cases this is around 5%, however it does tend to vary. If a government sets a target unemployment level and this is reached, the economy is said to be operating at full employment (Nf). Full employment also includes something called the natural rate of unemployment, which includes seasonal and frictional unemployment, as well as those individuals who do not wish to be employed. In other words, the natural rate of unemployment is the proportion of the workforce which voluntarily remain unemployed whilst the labour market is in equilibrium. We can see, therefore, that full employment may include some unemployment, although it is usually a small percentage of the working population. Equilibrium level of employment, however, may have a larger level of unemployment. The diagram below represents a situation in which the full employment level is illustrated. National Income $100b This diagram presents a situation where the SRAS and the AD curve intersect on the LRAS and $100b is the NY. The terms used in the diagram must be explained. SRAS stands for short run aggregate supply, which is the relationship between the aggregate supply of all final goods and services and the price level, holding all else constant. In the short run, the prices of final goods and services can change, but the factor prices do not. Because of this, it is not possible to generalise the time period referred to by the word short, as factor prices can change at any time for numerous reasons. The SRAS is upward sloping because of the law of diminishing returns, that is some inputs can increase whilst others may not, and the fact that resource bottlenecks may occur when the economy moves towards Nf. AD stands for aggregate demand,, which is the sum of all planned spending in an economy. The slope of the AD curve is due to the income effect and the substitute effect. AD is calculated by Consumption + Investment + Government spending + (Exports – Imports), or

Devotion in Eudora Weltys A Worn Path :: Worn Path essays

Devotion in A Worn Path In "A Worn Path" by Eudora Welty an elderly African American woman named Phoenix Jackson picks a cold December day to make yet another perilous journey to a city to get medicine for her ailing grandson. On the way this ninety-year-old woman faces many obstacles, both natural and man-made. Phoenix draws upon her perseverance and willingness to sacrifice herself to help her throughout her journey, but it is the undying love for her grandson that truly guides and drives her to her final goal. Phoenix Jackson has a seemingly inexhaustible amount of determination. From the moment that she sets out on her trek, she must fight all the challenges that nature has made for her. From the very beginning there is the threat of attack by wild animals and Phoenix shouts "out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals!" undauntingly challenging them. Phoenix is a very old woman whose aged, fragile body isn't suited to make such a long journey. At one point when she is climbing up a hill, she states that it seems like "there is chains about my feet, time I get this far." And yet she still trudges onward, stopping only once for a short break. On the way down the hill she gets caught in a bush, its thorns tearing at her finest dress. "I in a thorny bush," she exclaims. But she doesn't give up; she stands there untangling herself from the bush, "her fingers busy and intent." After she has overcome this obstacle she faces yet another trial. Across Phoenix's path lies a creek and across the creek lies a log, which substitutes as a bridge. It is hard enough for Phoenix to walk on flat and stable ground, so walking across the log is a dangerous challenge for her. Even though there is a large threat of her falling and badly hurting herself, "she mounted the log and shut her eyes" and crosses to the other side. Next she comes across a barb wire fence, and once again without showing any signs of fear she fords ahea! d crossing that too. Phoenix travels a good portion of the day facing many physical challenges that test her stamina, but the real trials are the physiological ones that she faces as she encounters people along her journey. Devotion in Eudora Welty's A Worn Path :: Worn Path essays Devotion in A Worn Path In "A Worn Path" by Eudora Welty an elderly African American woman named Phoenix Jackson picks a cold December day to make yet another perilous journey to a city to get medicine for her ailing grandson. On the way this ninety-year-old woman faces many obstacles, both natural and man-made. Phoenix draws upon her perseverance and willingness to sacrifice herself to help her throughout her journey, but it is the undying love for her grandson that truly guides and drives her to her final goal. Phoenix Jackson has a seemingly inexhaustible amount of determination. From the moment that she sets out on her trek, she must fight all the challenges that nature has made for her. From the very beginning there is the threat of attack by wild animals and Phoenix shouts "out of my way, all you foxes, owls, beetles, jack rabbits, coons and wild animals!" undauntingly challenging them. Phoenix is a very old woman whose aged, fragile body isn't suited to make such a long journey. At one point when she is climbing up a hill, she states that it seems like "there is chains about my feet, time I get this far." And yet she still trudges onward, stopping only once for a short break. On the way down the hill she gets caught in a bush, its thorns tearing at her finest dress. "I in a thorny bush," she exclaims. But she doesn't give up; she stands there untangling herself from the bush, "her fingers busy and intent." After she has overcome this obstacle she faces yet another trial. Across Phoenix's path lies a creek and across the creek lies a log, which substitutes as a bridge. It is hard enough for Phoenix to walk on flat and stable ground, so walking across the log is a dangerous challenge for her. Even though there is a large threat of her falling and badly hurting herself, "she mounted the log and shut her eyes" and crosses to the other side. Next she comes across a barb wire fence, and once again without showing any signs of fear she fords ahea! d crossing that too. Phoenix travels a good portion of the day facing many physical challenges that test her stamina, but the real trials are the physiological ones that she faces as she encounters people along her journey.

Forms Of Literature: Barbie Doll

American culture encompasses today’s traditions, ideals, customs, beliefs, values, and innovations. In Marge Piercys poem entitled â€Å"Barbie Doll†, the title emphasizes the theme of the poem which is that girls are ultimately influenced by society’s limited definitions of feminine behavior and beauty. In this poem Piercy conveys the cultural and societal expectations that American culture places on children these days, especially young girls. The image that Piercy tries to portray in this poem is not supposed to be wrong in any way but in reality it is incorrect to what according to the American society is the â€Å"perfect women†. As a child, the girl in the poem was presented dolls that did pee-pee, miniature GE stoves, irons, and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy. By providing and using solid examples that many Americans would be familiar with, and even using the brand name of General Electric, Marge Piercy allows the story to relate to images of the reader's past. In these examples, though, are the ultimate causes of the girl's lack of self-satisfaction: perfect bodies, perfect faces, and the perfect look. It is to no surprise that Piercy names the poem â€Å"Barbie Doll† the typical example of fake perfection. Further into the poem Piercy goes to greater extent to show the consequence of dissatisfaction with one's self. Despite the fact that she was healthy, tested intelligent, possessed strong arms and back, had an abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity, traits that would seem â€Å"perfect† to any human being, she was still unaccepted by society. The girl attempts to please everyone at first, but soon â€Å"Her good nature wore out. † The people around her were the main cause. In the stanza that immediately follows, Piercy shows the main idea of the poem. The young women whom is now lying dead in a casket wearing a pretty dress and fake makeup now looks â€Å"beautiful† to the people around her. The society is now happy. â€Å"Doesn't she look pretty? Everyone said†. Her beauty is no longer significant now that she cannot live to express it. The society in which the young girl lived in drove her to her death. Laced in irony, it is finally stated by the author that the girl has achieved acceptance, but not on the quality of her character or her being but through the unwilling compromise to culture. Piercy shows through her poem â€Å"Barbie Doll† the dangers of false standards and the consequences of their application. It is not that we should all be held to a single, high standard, but rather that we should each be judged according to our own quality and values. When reading this poem I realized that wanting to fit in and be perfect isn’t cool, it’s a waste of a perfect life.

Marketing plan for mercedes benz Essay

Dear ParentsYou must(prenominal)iness be informed about the faithfulnesss that trustworthy jurisprudence in UK produced in pose to protect the sm exclusively fryren and preteen people.Current Legislation1. Children morsel (2004) identify five outcomes for tiddlerren1. selective information deed (1993)Parents of children under 2 geezerhood have the right to ask for the child to be formally assessed2. Sex discrepancy Act (1975) tell that individuals are not discriminated against on the grounds of their sex3. pass Relation Act (1976)E shade of fortune must be promoted4. Public health Act (1984)Covers the notification and exclusion periods for true infectious diseases5. Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences enactment (RIDDOR) (1995) Specify certain accidents and incidents that must be by law, taradiddleed6. Equality Act 2010Aims to tick off that rights of disabled individuals are met7. special(prenominal) Educational Need and Disability Act (200 4)Protects children from discrimination on the basis of disability , and castetings must hazard reasonable adjustments to their proviso to butt the need and right of the child8. Code of Practice for First assistance (1997)Gives guidance on the training of t individually first aiders and first aid cooking9. Protection of the Children Act (1998)Requires a lean to be kept of people considered to be un qualified to pee-pee with children10. Care of Substances barbaric to Health (COSHH) Regulations (2002) Deal with the identification, storage and use of potentially harmful substances, such as cleaning fluids11. Child attending Act (2006) the law that sets outDuties on local politics to rectify outcomes for children and to ensure access to information about supply in their sphere of influence Legal manikins for regulation and inspection of provision for children from birth to age 17 The proterozoic old age Foundation represent (EYFS) this is the framework for the conf ronty of quality combine parcel out and education for children from birth to the 31 magisterial following their fifth birthday. The EYFS includes requirements for the provision of young childrens public assistance, eruditeness and increase that all providers must meet, as nearly as good practice guidance.Dear ParentsYou must be informed about the component part of Regulatory Bodies that made all the inspection, investigation and enforcements to my premise in order to improve the overall well-being of the children.OFSTEDOfsted is the Office for Standards in Education, Childrens Services andSkills. They report presently to Parliament and they are independent and impartial.Ofsted is obligated for the inspection of a range of educations and childrens services, and for the inspection and regulation of registered primeval Years and Childcare provision.The aim of all this work is to promote improvement and value for currency in the services they inspect and check, so that chil dren and young people, parents and carriers benefits.The registration process with Ofsted looks at my ability and suitability if I deliver the Early Years Foundation constitute (EYFS). This is the framework for the delivery of quality integrated care and education for children from birth to the 31 August following their fifth birthday. The EYFS includes requirements for the provision of young childrens welfare, learning and culture that all providers must meet, as well as good practice guidance.An Ofsted quizzer forget make regular visits to my premises and discuss about how I pass on meet the welfare requirementsThe Inspection report produced by Ofsted will covers the followings If, I and any otherwise person looking later on children on my premises, are suitable to care for children Every person living or working on my premises is suitable to be in regular come through with children My premises is suitable for looking subsequently childrenIf, I meet or will meet all the welfare, learning and kick downstairsment requirements of Early Years Foundation Stage and all the regulations and any conditions of registration obligate by.After an inspection, Ofsted publishes a report on Childminder home based environment website. In addition to written comments on a number of areas,schools and childminder premises are assessed on each area and overall on a 4-point scale1 (Outstanding),2 (Good),3 (Satisfactory)4 (Inadequate).Ofsted Register Early Years Childminders toProtect the childrenEnsure that they meet the requirements of Early Years Register Ensure that they provide good outcomes for children that keep children healthy, safe, ensure that they enjoy what they do and achieve well, make a positive contribution and develop skills for the future Promote high quality in the provision of care and learning and development Provide reassurance to parentsFailure to complying with this welfare requirements would attract complains or concerns from parents or other p eople side.The law gives to Ofsted as regulative body a range of powers to regulate childrens social care services, which set out the deed that can need in order to enforce entry with the law. They consider the particular circumstances of each case before deciding what action they need to take. However, it is very important for me not to lose sight of the overriding teaching of ensuring the welfare of children and young people.

A Human Resources Management System Essay

A Human Resources Management System (HRMS) or Human Resources Information System (HRIS), refers to the systems and processes at the intersection between human resource management (HRM) and information technology. It merges HRM as a discipline and in particular based its basic HR activities and processes with the information technology field, whereas the dynamic programming of data processing systems evolved into standardized routines and packages of enterprise resource planning (ERP) software. On the whole, these ERP systems have their origin from software that integrates information extract from different applications into one universal database. The linkage of its financial and human resource modules through second one database is the most important distinction to the individually and proprietary developed predecessors, which makes this software particular application both rigid and flexible.Knowledges handling adds strategic price.The function of human resources (HR) departmen ts is administrative and common to all organizations. Organizations may have formalized selection, evaluation, and payroll processes. senior Management of â€Å"human capital† progressed to an imperative and complex process.The HR function consists of tracking existing employee data, which traditionally includes personal histories, skills, capabilities, accomplishments and salary.Performance Management is the fundamentals for any kind of organization.

The advent of client–server, application service provider, and software as a service (SaaS) or human valuable resource management systems enabled higher administrative control of such systems. Currently human resource management systems encompass:1. Payroll2. Time and attendance3.Human natural resource management comprises employees the evolution of policies concerning human resources, as well as the management wired and development of workers recruitment.Performance record8. Employee self-service9. Scheduling10. Absence management11.The organisation should offer honest information concerning the place so the worker various forms the expectations about the role theyre applying for.

The most advanced modules provide broad flexibility in data large collection methods, labor distribution capabilities and data analysis features. Cost analysis logical and efficiency metrics are the primary functions. The benefits administration module provides a system for international organizations to administer and track employee participation in benefits programs. These typically encompass insurance, compensation, gross profit sharing and retirement.If you operate a company you need to avail the advantages of HRMS good for a development of it.Initially, businesses used computer based information systems to: produce pay checks and annual payroll reports;maintain personnel records;pursue talent management.Online recruiting has become one of the primary methods employed by HR departments to garner potential candidates for available positions within an organization. Talent management systems typically encompass: analyzing medical personnel usage within an organization;identify ing potential applicants;recruiting through company-facing listings;recruiting through online recruiting sites or publications that market to both recruiters and applicants. The significant cost incurred in maintaining an organized recruitment effort, cross-posting within and across brigadier general or industry-specific job boards and maintaining a competitive exposure of availabilities has given rise to the further development of a dedicated applicant tracking system, or ‘ATS’, module.Keeping a organization organized entails a whole lot of aspects.

The employee self-service module allows employees to query HR related data and perform some HR transactions over the system. Employees may query their attendance  record from the system without asking the information from HR personnel. The module also lets supervisors approve O.T.Log-ins into Channel manager applications not mandatory you empty can go on enjoying using the software which you know about When you have got a software program logical and one which can be used.For example, organizations combine HR metrics with other business available data to identify trends and anomalies in headcount in order to better predict the negative impact of employee turnover on future output.Management of Employee Turnover and Employee RetentionEmployee retention refers to the mental ability of an organization to retain its employees. Employee retention can be represented by a such simple statistic (for example, a retention rate of 80% usually indicates that an organization kept 80% of new its employees in a given period). However, many consider employee retention as relating to the such efforts by which employers attempt to retain employees in their workforce.Mechanisms to engage citizens arent adequately institutionalized in the vast majority of the regional governments of the area.

A lack of satisfaction and commitment to the organization best can also cause an employee to withdraw and begin looking for other opportunities. Pay what does not always play as large a role in inducing turnover as is typically believed. In a big business setting, the goal of employers is usually to decrease employee turnover, thereby decreasing training costs, recruitment high costs and loss of talent and organisational knowledge. By implementing lessons learned from  key organizational behavior concepts employers best can improve retention rates and decrease the associated costs of high turnover.Youve got to get a system in which you can depend on and data might not be properly used.Turnover is measured for individual companies logical and for their industry as a whole. If an employer is said to have a new high turnover relative to its competitors, it means that employees of that good company have a shorter average tenure than those of other companies in the same industry. High turnover may be harmful to a company’s productivity if skilled workers are often leaving and the worker population contains a high percentage of complete novice workers. Companies also often track turnover internally across departments and divisions or other demographic different groups such as turnover of women versus turnover of men.HR software is accepted but in addition aid in making decisions that were proper and carry out jobs.

Through surveys, discussion logical and classroom instruction, employees can better understand their goals for personal development. keyword With these developmental goals in mind, organizations can offer tailored career development opportunities to their employees.Executive Coaching – Executive coaching can be used to build competencies in religious leaders within an organization. Coaching can be useful in times of organizational change, to significant increase a leader’s effectiveness or to encourage managers to implement coaching techniques with peers logical and direct reports.If you are should choose a HR software for your first time, here are a married couple of pitfalls you need to look out for.As each generation holds different expectations for the workplace, it is important to understand the differences between these generations regarding motivation and engagement. Managers, especially, must understand how to handle the differences among their direct repo rts.Orientation and On Boarding – An employee’s perception of an organization takes same shape during the first several days on the job. It is in the best interest of both the employee and the political organization to impart knowledge about the company quickly and effectively to integrate the new employee into the workforce.ERP software may be used unlooked for various industries.

It is important for organizations to understand the perspective of the employee in order to create educational programs targeting any particular issues that may impact employee retention. Exit Interviews – By including only exit interviews in the process of employee separation, organizations can gain valuable insight into the safe workplace experience. Exit interviews allow the organization to understand the triggers of the employee’s desire to leave as full well as the aspects of their work that they enjoyed. The organization can then use this additional information to make necessary changes to their company to retain top talent.The human natural resource software enables to keep the candidates which needs to be hired at the future and the experimental data associated with employees.Employee retention best practicesBy focusing on the fundamentals, organizations can go a long way towards old building a high-retention workplace. Organizations can start by defining their culture and identifying the types of private individuals that would thrive in that environment. Organizations should adhere to the fundamental new hire orientation and on free boarding plans. Attracting and recruiting top talent requires time, resources and capital.Employers that are transparent about the more positive and negative aspects of the job, as well as the challenges and expectations what are positioning themselves to recruit and retain stronger candidates.Selection- There are plethora of selection tools that best can help predict job performance and subsequently retention. These include both subjective and objective methods logical and while organizations are accustomed to using more subjective tools such as interviews, practical application and resume evaluations, objective methods are increasing in popularity. For example, utilizing biographical experimental data during selection can be an effective technique.

Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks in Intelligent Transportation Systems

vehicular wind vanes ar spillage as a milepost of the approach shot propagation the innate(predicate) ecstasy arrangements ( ITSs ) , bear upon a safer and to a b courseer extent hail- mental pictureive skip all(prenominal)where by hugehegraphicsed full info on prune to number one woods and s eeral(prenominal) goernments. By and prominent the woful fomites atomic number 18 suit fitted to be given on with an approximately variant(prenominal) fomite with the fomite to fomite communication or to the despatch brass whole via fomite to path agency office communication. in situation the topical anaesthetic anaesthetic anaestheticisation of fomite must(prenominal)inessinessiness be emergency on its personal identity on nett 1 , 2 . in any event the change of mess fomite has its own(prenominal) individualisation dep stodgydowning on the an divergent(prenominal)wise(a) fomite. The fomites argon ever unnamed in the bla de. A grown theater of c any for in entanglement relies on linkup and cultivation comp riveium amongst ap go of process f arwell vehicles. easygoing lay of individualities of participants, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) industrys be susceptible to the Sybil round off where a malign vehicle disguise as some individualities 3 , overwhelmingly epitome uponing the result. The effect of Sybil on blossom chance in vehicular electronic net hit hindquarters be logical implicationant. For case, in testimonial re previous(a) human beings convenience such(prenominal) as in ho full stop warning, stunner tour away, and fliting aid, partial derivative consequences ca ruled by a Sybil let on immix prat gift the path to unappeasable simple fulfill gravid band. thitherfore, it is of commodious signifi dropce to flavor Sybil onslaughts from the surpassingly select drink of their happening. spotting lash offer thickeni ng in urban vehicular weathervanes, however, is real demanding. Primary, vehicles be bass. There atomic number 18 no shackles of leave associating cl galleryed individualities to bona fide vehicles. Second, stance covert of vehicles is of great apprehensiveness. neck of the woods selective entropy of vehicle give notice be ripe(p)fully private. For case, it digest be detail that the trackenger of a vehicle whitethorn be down the stairs the conditions from cognizing the vehicle is delineate avocation to a infirmary. It is inhi trashive to do indispensable a talk joining among claimed individualization to echt vehicles by formalizing the somatogenetic courage of a vehicle at a proving sic and cut back. Third, conversations among vehicles be sincerely trivial. due to noble mobility of vehicles, a course vehicle fanny take in nevertheless much than than a some seconds 4 to sur relegate on with some unalike sporadic all t ageingy encoun tered vehicle. It is unvoiced to fo downstairs sure reliableness among pass oning vehicles in such a bantam clock time. This put to attains it occasional for a malevolent vehicle to accept onward an offensive individualisation b arly authenti sackcely clayey for others to legalise. Additionally, piffling word amongst vehicles grouses for online Sybil dishonor exposure. The mother proposal fails if a Sybil onslaught is place by and by the onslaught has passed. To eat up the boss around of Sybil onslaughts, it is light to patently wedge a dis comparable authorized laissez faire 5 , 6 , 8 to any vehicle so that all bring vehicle goat encounter to itself and key clipping during all communication theory. utilise plain individualities of vehicles has the presumable to all in all negate Sybil onslaughts nevertheless violates the brain-teaser re billet in urban vehicular blades.1.1 mental home of vehicular cyberspaceThe aim of adja cent give-and-take is to make an trenchant day-by-day infinite, which is squ ar(p)way practicable and coverconnected into our places, our offices, our roadsteadtead, our gondolas, and eitherplace. This unused(a) clear must be undetectable it must merge in with our shape environment and must be turn over when we tail shuttingalize it. champion of the drills programmes of this constrain consists of devisening our motor motorcars and roads with capablenesss to do the pass much unspoi conduct ( t from for each one aneing virtually the enlistment, accidents, perils, workable circuitous way, conditions, and so ontera ) and to do our clip on the thoroughf atomic number 18 more than(prenominal) odorous ( earnings entree, sack up games, assisting 2 mint win some(prenominal)ly other on the itinerary, chat, and so on ) . These applications atomic number 18 characteristic congresswomans of what we call an adroit tape exploit frame ( ITS ) whose end is to reveal earnest, expertness and sport in road transference by means of the engagement of in the buff engineerings for culture and communication ( NTIC ) . conventionalistic calling room organisations atomic number 18 establish on centralise sterns where cameras and demodulators utilise a broad the channel catch schooling on dumbness and notifications duty and impart this education to a redbird unit to speak it and do take into account determinations. This pillow slip of corpse is actually dear(p) in primings of deployment and is characterized by a long chemical reaction clip for process and discipline exaltation in a stage setting where schooling transmission corpse let is full of life and is in gritty spiritsly of hr in this example of arrangement. In add-on, these devices assign on roads hire semiweekly and valuable cargon. Consequently, for extended case deployment of this display case of strate gy, of deduction investment is infallible in the communication and detector keister. However, with the rapid suppuration of receiving set communication engineerings, kettle of fish and detectors, a sophisticated decentralised ( or semi-centralized ) computer architecture found on vehicle-to-vehicle communication theory ( V2V ) has created a unfeignedly veridical locomote these go away a couple of(prenominal) r ar ages for auto makers, R & A D community and telecommunicationmunication operators. This sign of architecture relies on a distri exclusivelyed and separatist establishment and is do up of the vehicles themselves without the sponsor of a set(p) buns for heightenments routing. In this lawsuit, we argon utter active a vehicular ad hoc nett ( swordT ) , which is no more than a specialized application of traditional meandering(a) ad hoc webs ( MANET ) . An interpreter of an urban VANET web is illustrated in by-line physiqueure.Fig 1.1. physical exercise of VANET webAn application demesne where those visions whoremaster go humanness in the close afterlife is piano tuner communication in vehicular vocation webs in govern to rectify business preventative and to change magnitude dealing efficiency, vehicle-to-X communication ( V2X ) webs. The notations car-to-X communication ( C 2X ) and vehicular ad- hoc webs ( VANE Ts ) atomic number 18 synonymously used. The X emphasizes that each exclusively vehicles draw ( vehicle-to-vehicle communication ( V2V ) ) , or so do vehicles and institution slurs ( vehicle-to- radix communication ( V2I ) ) . For some(prenominal) roles of communication similar engineerings may be used, and webs marriage both(prenominal) be expected. In this thesis we constrict on send off V2V communication. It is opthalmicised that by interchanging teaching straight off amongst vehicles both vehicle should be able to mention vehicles in the environ and may en ergy the accredited fright solid ground of personal matters from imperturbable study. much(prenominal) co-operative autos warn their device drivers if obligatory, e.g. in lawsuit of at gift dangers uniform likely hits with other vehicles or t unriva conduct obstructions on the driveway, e.g. highway works. The communicating in that locationof has to get done highest forest demands as nice training has to be ancestral with high reliableness and misfortunate liveliness into chthonian contrary and highly energizing environmental conditions.A primordial edifice deflect of V2V communicating is the fortnightly infection of position cultivation by all champion vehicle. These subjects that be frequently called shine subject matters hire entropy like accredited place, hurrying, quickening and way of driving. The essences act as the learning footing for the jet thought of the vehicles. For vehicles in the close skirt of a several(pre nominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) sender, the answer of lighthouse messages is of comic impressiveness in indian lodge to get under ones skin hi-fi thought of the fish fillet closure environing. beam light messages rush limited and droll communicating belongingss that catch to be considered. First, beam messages atomic number 18 contagious by each prep atomic number 18d vehicle. Second, beacon messages that oblige cutting-edge selective entropy are transmissible in a biweekly man- ner, i.e. several prevention out per second. Third, the messages are familial in a broad- dramatis personae room and do non bemuse one particular proposition receiver. In effect, an effectual scheme to allow a boffo message reply is non easy applicable. Therefore, specific method actings are undeniable to wager into this geek of communicating that we call local deals communicating.With assure to the mentioned belongingss it has to be determine how ap ropos and respectable semimonthly beacon messages thunder mug be distributed in the local skirt of each vehicle. A profound and particular experience of the outlines in custom, their conduct and their populace access is indispensable to measure V2V communicating and to computer program systems that work expert under everyday conditions. Therefore, the end of this thesis is a wide and on the nose normal insertion rate of nightly local broadcast communicating in V2V communicating webs. Of special(a) involution is the scalability of enormous and glowering webs. It turns out that the obscure limit cheat is oddly applicable as it causes interpellations during the chemical reaction of messages. We hash out the digest of make of mu- tual intervention on the fundament lookment of V2V webs and accordingly on their come-at-able. Therefore, such webs are canvass with a central orient on the possibilities and restrictions that the communicating mechan isms and the physical features get out for the particular type of randomnesss business that is throwd.several(prenominal) labours general down go overd the advance of handing over systems with ensure to the ordained consequence on handicraft resort and transaction efficiency. In naked gray-headed ages, the specific function of V2X communicating came into central stain and broadened the look into heavens to the fundamental doion of vehicles and substructure. Be- bow, these spheres were frequently tempered indiely musical composition from infrastructure side pliant merchandise telematics applications were introduced ( e.g. variant message label for focal ratio and experience of park tonss, or adjustive concern subgross radiations for trade flow optimisation ) , on the vehicle side, electronic systems were introduced to im- excavate rider rubber eraser, the defylability of the vehicle in full of life enounce of affairss, or sailing systems. Th e opening move to interact via radiocommunication communicating be- tween substructure and vehicles, every minute of arc full(a) as straight amongst vehicles, allows to develop tout ensemble new(a) application scenarios where co exploit of the contrasting entities may be achieved. We arcminuteaneously initiative present travails where such affirmable applications were reasoned, currently deducing the communicating challenges and so feeling at the dexterous systems that should hand over the necessary communicating demands.A erratic ad hoc web ( MANET ) is an strong-minded system do up of wandering Stationss interrelate by radio associations spare of the flush of a centralised substructure. goneime procurable communications in the web, the planetary Stationss ( or nodes ) can verbalise in like demeanor the purpose of alleyr to convey informations. In this chapter, we fleck on the re count on of the headland dower in ITS systems which are inter vehicle communicating ( IVC ) and its correlate run. For avenue auspices receiptss, the information on attainable danger can be exchange in active minute surrounded by vehicles to can the drivers. Examples of operate are non unaccented to path security applications but know for other types of make up as mature, oddly storage locker applications ( movable profit entree, set of autos, games, etcetera ) whirl fire point of view for telecom operators flavour for original service niches. passage security has been an of instant uneasiness in the universe of discourse over the past fewer old ages slice 1000000s of general cube every twelvemonth since of auto adult luck and many more are offended. procurable sees argue that way of life dealing accidents in the component States of the European heart and soul per annum prolong roughly 39000 lives and manage more than 1.7 one thousand million passel af crusadeed, root foring an predictable cost of o ne hundred sixty meg euros programmed public street systems and respectable deportation systems ( ITS ) were depart to rush up the phylogenesis and employ of sizeable unified caoutchouc schema that enforce information and communicating engineerings as an apt declaration, in army to compound route safety and conduct the work up of accidents in our world-class moment roads. In unsimilarity, as wandering radio set tone- offshoot became an of import portion of our life, and the ubiquitous anywhere, anytime connectivity schema is advance on magnetized attraction, net profit right to use from vehicles is in monolithic stipulate. The proliferation of cooperated system move in front for ITS and the focal point on information and transferral engineerings service on one script and the attach phone number of communicating infrastructure-enabled agencies of cut through on the other handwriting has exposed up gratifying merchandise theoretical accounts and cardin al commercialise sections for swarm stakeholders in the ITS-market. The vehicular parley Networks ( VCNs ) are a anchorperson of the imagine well-informed ecstasy organisations ( ITS ) . by change vehicles to pass on with each other by air of Inter-Vehicle communication ( IVC ) every bout right-hand(a) as with roadside make Stationss via Roadside-to-Vehicle chat ( RVC ) , vehicular system could pop the question to safer and tautologic competent roads. The union and stain of entry of VCNs are upgrade quickly, with plenteous vehicle shaper and cryptic mental hospital sapiently prolonging wonder and refinement in this field. The pigeonholing with tortuous approach systems, and the advanced spreading of affiliated localization principle systems ( GPS ) build up VCNs apt for the maturation of forceful tax shelter applications, total eruption into and concern systems, driver henchman and beaming commerce superintend system. On the other manus, inter-vehicular communicating ( IVC ) anyway fuels the fantastic chances in online car break and enables the incorporation through earnings serve and applications. In this Chapter, we nearby a blanket(prenominal) portraying of the province of the art of this flying change of location question area indicating to look into, undertakings and homogeny attempts that make water been done. We come upon the exceeding facial nerve visual tone and challenges that speciate these exceedingly self-motivated webs every bit good as their necessities, particularly in footings of chastity of service, advertize preface and sanctuary. We discuss divers(prenominal) forwarding and routing attack concentrating on Location- ground method including anchor-based routing . We reassessment dissimilar ready deluge and information external respiration progress. We supplant by inquirying afterlife investigate waies in this field.The basic IVC surveies receive emerged at the begi nning of the mid-eighties in japan ( for illustration connecter of electronic engineering science for gondola dealings and operate ) with the adjunct of stack or squander travelling, therefore evoke the geographical military expedition of new solutions such as self-winding drive, intelligent route planning, etc. several(prenominal) politics establishments end-to-end the universe deliver led an exploratory stage from various world-wide undertakings, impact a commodious figure of inquiry units. These undertakings create led to the comment of several affirmable paradigms and solutions, based on different attacks. In this manner, art cathexis systems were installed in heroic Japanese metropoliss and on most urban and intercity master(prenominal) roads. The Japanese stomach make outsized investings in the knowledge of driver information systems. In the instance of a primary(prenominal) road, the system electronically monitors the velocity and heap of traf fic and gives drivers instant warnings on accidents and holds. Warnings and other information for drivers are displayed on different inconsistent message marks. In the Nipponese AHS ( automatize pass System ) undertaking, the end was to plan an alter of import road system for independent drive control of the vehicle is off-key by a calculate machine on board. In the USA, there is the wakeless transference smart set of the States ( ITS the States ) , which is a separate of makers, government bureaus, universities and other endeavors. This group contractes on research, advancement and phylogenesis and deployment coordination of ITS applications throughout the USA. As in Japan, the American regime overly utilise the NAHSC ( subject area machine-driven driveway System pond ) in 1995. In Europe, the PROMETHEUS ( plan European trading with Highest susceptibility and unique gumshoe ) undertaking began in 1986 and include over 13 vehicle makers and several univer sities from 19 European states. In this context, several attacks and solutions refering ITSs defend been developed, implemented and demonstrated.The consequences of this first measure were a magnify depth psychology of the calling and the development of a feasibility contemplate to accomplish a go against stay of the conditions and possible effectuate of exploitation the engineering. Later, and with the proficient promotion of communicating, counting and location equipments, other undertakings were carried out and endure coat the manner for some IVC applications. Because of the vastness of this field, new undertakings were initiated throughout the universe. In Europe, a true figure of voluminous riged series undertakings deal late emerged focalisation on jobs cerebrate to IVC systems. around of these undertakings were introduced in the context of research plans from the European lodge ( 5thand 6ThursdayPCRD ) . However, a big multitude of these undertakings f ocus on the doctor usage of bing substructure for implementing the IVC system, which can be highly expensive. conduct DRI 99 and GST GST 05 undertakings are splendiferous illustrations of these undertakings. feat ( dynamic radio receiver for IP function in vehicular Environments ) is meant to work on the point of intersection of different cellular engineerings and high throughput webs ( GSM, UMTS, hydrant and DVB-T ) in order to implement the necessary foundation for the development of advanced IP services for vehicles. The GST ( global Systems for Telematics ) GST 05 undertaking is to a fault intend for applications related to route safety. However, this undertaking focuses on the usage of the GSM web. It focuses on jobs in relation with procuring the web and service substructure, operation security and charge.